ABSTRACT
Introduction: COVID-19 poses a great threat globally and also a huge burden on developing countries due to its expensive, less effective, and toxic treatment. India is one of the countries with large number of confirmed cases. This study is done to assess the death due to COVID-19 on various parameters so that necessary action can be taken to reduce the disease burden of COVID-19. Aim and Objective: I) To find sociodemographic and other factors associated with mortality. II) To study various comorbidities related to the death due to COVID-19 infection. III) Recommendation for reducing mortality in COVID-19 patients. Material and Method: Data related to COVID-19 death was taken from MRD (Medical Record Department) & e-Health records from HMIS and was analyzed by Bivariate analysis in SPSS. Results: Results showed that people with 1--2 comorbidity have 62% death. Mortality was found to be more in elderly, that is, >60 years age group with 67.5% of total mortality. And in males (68.6%) as compared to female. Conclusion: People with comorbidities have significant association. Also, it showed that death was more common in male and elderly age group as compared to female and youngsters.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 outbreak as a "public health emergency of international concern" on January 31, 2020. After that the epidemic spread rapidly around the world. Chronic non-communicable diseases were identified as risk factors for SARS-CoV-2. Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases with a prevalence ranging from 10% to 20% among adult population. After COVID-19 outbreak, identification of risk factors for severe or fatal disease is necessary to allocate limited resources. For primary care physicians, this is of vital importance to know the association between hypertension and severe and fatal COVID-19 infection as hypertension is affecting millions of people all over the world and primary health care is of immense importance in a country like India. Duration of stay in hospital which will be taken as proxy measure of duration of illness, symptomatic status, need of ICU care and death will be taken as indicators of severe and fatal COVID-19 infection. There are few researches to find an association between Hypertension and severe and fatal COVID-19 infection. There is a need to assess the same. Objectives: To find an association of hypertension and severe and fatal COVID-19 infection. Methodology: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out at a COVID dedicated hospital, Mumbai in 9 months from 1 April 2020 to 31 December 2020. All patients admitted in hospital were included in the study by universal sampling. Ethical Approval: The permission to conduct the study was taken by Institutional Ethics Committee. Results: There was a significant association between hypertension and severe and fatal COVID-19 infection defined by more duration of stay in hospital, admission to ICU and mortality. Conclusions: It is concluded from this study that hypertension is associated with severe and fatal COVID-19 infection. It gives a clear idea for primary care physicians to give more focus towards patients with hypertension with COVID-19 infection. Blood pressure monitoring should be strictly practiced during COVID-like illnesses. Special attention is to be given as far as treatment and early referral to higher centre with ICU is concerned for better outcome. Hypertensive patients should be protected more by adopting COVID appropriate behaviour.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The onset of monsoons in Mumbai poses an additional health disease burden in the form of rising vector-borne and water-borne diseases such as dengue, malaria, leptospirosis, hepatitis, typhoid, chikungunya, and acute gastroenteritis. These monsoon-related illnesses are preventable with hygienic and sanitation measures that are likely to have been adopted during COVID-19 pandemic. AIM: To assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the occurrence of monsoon-related diseases in the city of Mumbai and find out determinants of variations if any. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a retrospective descriptive study. Universal sampling was done using secondary data collected from the Epidemiological Cell of Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM). Data mining was performed to obtain the trends of the monsoon-related diseases in Mumbai. RESULTS: COVID-19 pandemic has remarkably affected the city of Mumbai with approximately 3 lakh cases till December 2020. MCGM has taken a lot of efforts resulting in a recovery rate of close to 95% with less than 3% mortality. With the effective use of social behavior change communication, which focused on masks, frequent hand washing, and social distancing, there seems to be a decline in monsoon-related illnesses in the year 2020 as compared to the previous two years of 2018 and 2019. CONCLUSION: Monsoon-related illnesses are impacted by behavior and lifestyle modifications like hygiene and environmental sanitation practiced during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study highlights the importance of these universal hygienic practices and their utility in the long-term reduction of monsoon-related illnesses.
ABSTRACT
CONTEXT: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. COVID-19 disproportionately affects patients with pre-existing comorbidities including those undergoing dialysis at intermittent intervals. These patients requiring renal replacement therapy like intermittent hemodialysis have a preponderance to go into severe clinical states. Hence, this study was planned to analyze the outcomes of such patients requiring dialysis and suffering from the COVID-19 disease. OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to compare the outcomes of the COVID-19 patients requiring hemodialysis with those not requiring hemodialysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study was carried out between April 2020 and August 2020 at a dedicated COVID-19 hospital and included COVID-19 patients requiring hemodialysis at the time of admission and an equal number of controls matched for age and sex. RESULTS: The study included 271 COVID-19-positive patients requiring dialysis and 271 COVID-19-positive controls without the requirement of a dialysis matched for age and sex; 10.3% cases needed intensive care. There were 18.8% deaths in cases as opposed to 8.9% among controls. Multivariate analysis showed that advancing age (OR 2.6 in cases and 1.06 in controls) need for intensive care (OR 27.9 in cases and 331 in controls), and diabetes alone and with other comorbidities were significant predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the mortality proportions were more in cases as compared to controls; and advancing age, diabetes, and need for intensive care unit (ICU) were significant predictors. The study also highlighted the crisis faced by patients who require dialysis at regular intervals due to this COVID-19 pandemic.